Professor Giancarlo Biagini

Pro Vice-Chancellor for Research and Innovation

Education

1998 PhD Biochemistry, Cardiff University
1994 BSc (Hons) Biotechnology, (1st Class) Cardiff University
1993-94 Industry Attachment, Oral Microbiology Department, Unilever plc

Professional History

09/2023 – present Dean of Research and Innovation
06/2020 – 08/2023 Head of the Department of Tropical Disease Biology
2018 – 06/2020, Deputy Head, Tropical Disease Biology
June 2020 - Head of the Department of Tropical Disease Biology
2018 – present, Deputy head, Tropical Disease Biology
08/2014 – present Professor
08/2011 – 07/2014 Reader
10/2008 – 07/2011 Senior Lecturer
05/2006 - 10/2008 Lecturer (Tenure Track) in Molecular & Biochemical Parasitology
10/2004 - 05/2006 Early Career Leverhulme Trust Fellow, LSTM
10/2001 - 10/2004 Postdoctoral Associate, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK
12/2000 - 06/2001 Postdoctoral Associate, University of Cambridge, UK
02/1998 - 04/2000 Postdoctoral Associate, University of New South Wales, Australia.

Giancarlo’s career has focused on the biochemistry, pharmacology and therapeutics of human pathogens most notably Plasmodium falciparum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Basic biochemical research includes the characterisation of bioenergetic components in the respiratory chain and of key substrate and drug transporters. This fundamental work has contributed to the understanding of mechanisms of drug action, major resistance mechanisms in malaria and validation of novel targets for chemotherapy in both malaria and TB.

Now spanning some 25 years, Giancarlo’s research has been supported by three personal fellowships and grant funding from major funders (e.g. Leverhulme, Wellcome, MRC, EU, Innovate UK, NHIR) in excess of £40 million.  Giancarlo has published > 100 peer-review publications, as well as patents for the discovery of novel malaria and anti-tubercular inhibitors.  Giancarlo’s translational research experience in infection pharmacology and drug discovery/development spans from the development of HTS campaigns to candidate declaration.  Giancarlo has also been involved in the development of several enabling platforms, such as image-based pharmacodynamic (PD) host-pathogen cellular and infection-organoid platforms to identify and accelerate antimalarial, antitubercular and anti-viral pre-clinical drug candidates. 

The overarching philosophy of Giancarlo’s work is to strive to make scientific research contributions that have the potential to be translated to solutions that have a material impact on the health and well-being of people from resource poor settings. Towards this goal, Giancarlo has worked in, and collaborated with, partners from LMICs, including Malawi, Rwanda, Kenya, Vietnam and Thailand, and established long-standing collaborations with pharma industry (e.g. GSK DDW Madrid, Astra Zeneca) and relevant product development partnership organisations (PDPs) e.g. Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) and the TB Alliance (TBA).

In the UK, Giancarlo has led efforts to develop and promote a translational research environment for Global Health, including the training of the next generation of research leaders.  Giancarlo led the establishment of the Tropical Infectious Disease Consortium, a partnership between leading UK institutes involved in translational research in tropical infectious diseases (and includes LSTM, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Oxford University and the UK Health Security Agency).  Giancarlo also established and leads the MRC Translational and Quantitative Skills Doctoral Training Programme in Global Health, a collaboration between LSTM and Lancaster University, that has funded and supported over 50 PhD studentships for the development of the next cadre of future leaders in translational Global Health.

Giancarlo received a UKRI Innovation Scholars personal award in 2021 for the development of sustainable academic-industry partnerships and has an active portfolio of projects with regional and national SMEs towards untapping breakthrough innovation for the treatment and management of infectious diseases.

In 2024, as Director of the Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics (CDD) at LSTM, Giancarlo spearheads the strategic E3 investment of £9.8 million from Research England for the development of a skilled multi-disciplinary workforce, prioritising Early Career Researchers and disruptive technologies to pioneer innovative solutions for infectious diseases.

Research Grants and Contracts

UKRI Expanding Excellence in England E3. “Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics” Ward SA & Biagini G (£9,843,478

Life Arc. “Translational Development Fund”. Jones-Phillips B & Biagini GA, 2023-2025 (£2.7M).

UKRI MRC Biomedical Catalyst DPFS “Lead Optimisation of a Series of Antimalarial Plasmepsin IX/X Beta-hydroxyethylamine Based Inhibitors (MR/Y008774/1)”  O’Neill PM (PI), Basilico N, D'Alessandro S, Berry N, Tate E, Biagini G, Ward S and Hong WD (Co-Is) 2023-2025 (£1,3M total, £252K to LSTM).

UKRI MRC Impact Acceleration Accounts (IAA) scheme “Tropical Infectious Disease Consortium: Expanding and Accelerating Product Development” (supplement) G Biagini (PI), Prof. S Ward, D. Baker, S. Draper, M. Carroll, Philip Carvil, Bryan Charlestone (Co-Is) 2023-2026 (£306,774).

Wellcome Trust - Institutional Translation Partnership Awards ‘LSTM translational enabler’ (extension)– Ward SA (PI), Biagini GA and Craig AC (Co-Is)  2022-2023 (£300,000).

UKRI Technology Strategy Award (Innovate UK) . Optimisation of a novel series of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors (Lead academic PI, 2022-2023, £220K of ca. £1million project).

UKRI MRC Impact Acceleration Accounts (IAA) scheme “Tropical Infectious Disease Consortium: Expanding and Accelerating Product Development” G Biagini (PI), S.A. Ward, D. Baker, S. Draper, M. Carroll, Philip Carvil, Bryan Charlestone (Co-Is) 2022-2026 (£1,614,600).

MRC CiC “Tropical Infectious Disease Consortium: Expanding and Accelerating Product Development” Prof. S Ward (PI), G Biagini, D. Baker, S. Draper, M. Carroll (Co-Is) 2022-2023 (Supplement £143K)

UKRI-Research England Connecting Capability Fund (CCF) The Bloomsbury SET Impact Connector (Consortium between; The Royal Veterinary College, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, SOAS University of London & LSTM. (LSTM Investigators: PI J Hemingway, Biagini GA (Co-I) (2021-2022, £1.9M).

MRC Translational and Quantitative Skills Doctoral Training Programme in Global Health (2021-2028) Prof G Biagini (PI/Director) (DTP2-New Award (£1.95 M).

MRC CiC “Tropical Infectious Disease Consortium: Expanding and Accelerating Product Development” Prof. S Ward (PI), G Biagini, S. Croft, S. Draper, M. Carroll (Co-Is) 2019-2021 (Supplement £179, 280)

MRC-UKRI (MR/W002248/1)  MICA: Defining the two-step relay mechanism of action of the 8-aminoquinolines: A precondition for optimal combination therapies for relapse malaria. (2021–2024)  Biagini GA (PI), Ward SA, O’Neill PM, Aljayoussi G (Co-I) (£642,413).

UKRI Innovation Scholars Award (MR/W004356/1).  Development of sustainable academic-industry partnerships: Untapping breakthrough innovation for the treatment and management of infectious diseases (2021-2024) Biagini G (Personal Award).

UK Research and Innovation, Strength in Places Fund.  HG3 containment pre-clinical disease model screening platform (2020-2025) Biagini G (PI), Ward SA (Co-I) (£1,374,101 of £18.6 million LSTM award).

MMV - New 4-Aminoquinolines against drug resistant Malaria and Coronaviruses (2020-2021) Biagini G (PI), Ward SA (Co-I) ($108,586).

NIHR/CEIDR - COVID-19 Strategic Research Fund- Drug Candidate Selection of an Improved 4-Amino Quinoline for Clinical Trials against COVID-19 (2020 -2021) Biagini G (PI), Ward SA, Pennington S, Aljayoussi G, O’Neill PM, Owen A, Hong D (Co-Is) (£13,000).

NIHR/CEIDR - COVID-19 Strategic Research Fund Establishment of in vitro SARS-CoV-2 drug screening platforms (2020 -2021) Biagini GA (PI), Ward SA, Pennington S, O’Neill PM, Owen A, Hong D (£37,000).

MRC Translational and Quantitative Skills Doctoral Training Programme in Global Health (2021-2025) Prof G Biagini (PI/Director) Extension (£500,000).

MRC Confidence in Concept (CIC)  “Tropical Infectious Disease Consortium: Expanding and Accelerating Product Development” Prof. S Ward (PI), G Biagini, S. Croft, S. Draper, M. Carroll (Co-Is) 2020-2021 (£597,000)

Wellcome Trust - Institutional Translation Partnership Awards ‘LSTM translational enabler’ – Ward SA (PI), Biagini GA and Craig AC (Co-Is)  2020-2022 (£600,000).

CEIDR Translational Pump Priming award “Development of novel in vitro models to explore the PK-PD of agents with activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae”  Dr Shampa Das (PI) and Biagini GA (Co-PI) 2019-2020 (£47,500).

CEIDR Translational Pump Priming award “Lead identification of new pyrazolopyrimidinenes for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB)”  Biagini GA (PI), Ward SA, O’Neill PM (Co-I) 2019-2020 (£47,500).

MRC Confidence in Concept (CIC)  “Tropical Infectious Disease Consortium: Expanding and Accelerating Product Development” Prof. S Ward (PI), G Biagini, S. Croft, S. Draper, M. Carroll (Co-Is) 2019-2021 (£590,000)

Translational & Quantitative Skills Doctoral Training Programme (DTP) in Global Health : Industrial CASE Studentships (2019-2024) Prof G Biagini (PI) (ca. £190,000)

MRC Translational and Quantitative Skills Doctoral Training Programme in Global Health (2019-2024) Prof G Biagini (PI/Director)  (ca.£900,000)

MRC GCRF (AMR Target Validation) New combination therapy against MDR TB targeting the respiratory chain – Supplementary award.  Biagini GA (PI), SA Ward, A Upton.  2018-2021 (£250,000)

MRC GCRF (AMR Target Validation) New combination therapy against MDR TB targeting the respiratory chain.  Biagini GA (PI), SA Ward, A Upton.  2018-2021 (£947,594)

MRC Proximity to Discovery Industry Engagement Fund  “Expanding and Accelerating Product Development” Profs. Biagini, SA Ward S. Croft, S. Draper, M. Carroll 2018-2020 (£296,622)

MRC Confidence in Concept (CIC)  “Tropical Infectious Disease Consortium: Expanding and Accelerating Product Development” Prof. S Ward (PI), G Biagini, S. Croft, S. Draper, M. Carroll (Co-Is) 2018-2020 (£590,000)

Translational & Quantitative Skills Doctoral Training Programme (DTP) in Global Health : Industrial CASE Studentships (2018-2021) Prof G Biagini (PI) (£180,000)

UKRI Innovation / Rutherford Fund Fellowships (2017-2020) Prof G Biagini/Dr K Mortimer co-PIs (£286,000)

MRC Translational and Quantitative Skills Development Fellowship Programme in Global Health (2018-2021) Prof G Biagini (Co-PI/Co-Director) (£1.4 million)

Research Councils UK- Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund - Industry-linked PhD studentships (linked to) MRC Translational & Quantitative Skills Doctoral Training Programme (DTP) in Global Health Prof G Biagini (PI) 2017-2021 (£257,469)

MRC Proximity to Discovery Industry Engagement Fund “Expanding and Accelerating Product Development” Profs. Biagini & SA Ward 2017-2018 (£125,000)

MRC Confidence in Concept (CIC) “Tropical Infectious Disease Consortium: Expanding and Accelerating Product Development” Prof. S Ward (PI), G Biagini, S. Croft, S. Draper, M. Carroll (Co-Is) 2017-2019 (£549,000)

Redx Pharma - Pharmacodynamics of novel inhibitors of DNA gyrase of mycobacteria and other respiratory pathogens – PhD Support, Biagini (PI) and Ward (Co-I) 2016 - 2021 (£98,000)

MRC Understanding pharmacokinetic – pharmacodynamics determinants of outcome to inform dose optimisation for non-MDR TB re-treatment patients in Vietnam Prof. G Biagini (PI), Co-Investigators; D. Sloan, M. Caws, D. Wang, S. Ward, G. Aljayyoussi, Dr THI LUYEN LE, Dr Van Anh Nguyen, Dr Cuong Nguyen, Dr Binh Hoa Nguyen, Dr Hoa Vu, Dr Nguyen Viet Nhung, Dr HuuTung Nguyen, Dr Tung Bui Thanh, Dr Ly Huong Duong Thi, Dr Hoai Bui. 2016-2019 (£399,000)

MRC Translational and Quantitative Skills Doctoral Training Programme in Global Health (2016-2023) Prof G Biagini (PI/Director) Supplement (£110,196)

MRC Confidence in Concept (CIC) “Tropical Infectious Disease Consortium: Expanding and Accelerating Product Development” Prof. S Ward (PI), G Biagini, S. Croft, S. Draper, M. Carroll (Co-Is) 2016-2018 (£500,000)

MRC Translational and Quantitative Skills Doctoral Training Programme in Global Health (2016-2023) Prof G Biagini (PI/Director) (£1.2 million)

Wellcome Trust-ISSF “Rational development of an optimal treatment regimen for isoniazid mono-resistant TB” (2015-2016) Prof. G Biagini (£72,000)

MRC Confidence in Concept (CIC) “Tropical Infectious Disease Consortium: Expanding and Accelerating Product Development” Prof. S Ward (PI), G Biagini, S. Croft, S. Draper, M. Carroll (Co-Is) 2015-2017 (£500,000)

Wellcome Trust - Multi-User Equipment Grant entitled ‘Supporting excellence in basic and clinical research: A flow cytometry/sorting and cell imaging platform for the genotypic and phenotypic analysis of Hazard Group 3 pathogens’. 2014-2019 – Biagini GA - PI (£598,054) 

MRC-CASE PhD Studentship “Diagnostics and screening for malaria infection in control and elimination settings” Dr E Adams (PI), G Biagini and B Cobb (Epistem) -2015-2019 (£95,936)

Wellcome Trust - Biomedical Vacation Scholarship – The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Carbamoyl Triazole Click Chemistry Probes as Potential Antituberculosis Protease Inhibitors 2014 (£2,000)

MRC Confidence in Concept (CIC) “Tropical Infectious Disease Consortium: Expanding and Accelerating Product Development” Prof. S Ward (PI), G Biagini, S. Croft, S. Draper, M. Carroll (Co-Is) 2014-2016 (£500,000)

MRC- “Defining the mechanism of action of the 8-aminoquinolines: A pre-requisite to rationally designed safe antimalarials for the elimination era” Biagini GA (PI), O’Neill PM, Paine M, Ward SA and Baker D (Co-Is) 2014-2017 (£518,135)

Medicines for malaria Venture (MMV) Discovery Project: Development of a Drug Candidate for Uncomplicated Malaria targeting the mitochondrial NADH:quinone oxidoreducatse- Prof. Ward, O’Neill and Biagini 2013 ($82,148)

MRC - Liverpool Imaging Partnership: Molecular physiology and drug response - Dr Raphael Levy (PI) – Biagini GA (Co-I) 2013- 2016 (£1,025,831)

MRC Confidence in Concept (CIC) “Accelerating Product Development for Tropical Infectious Disease” Prof. S Ward (PI) ,G Biagini, S. Wagstaff 2012-2013 (£250,000)

GSK-Tres Cantos Open Lab Foundation – “Triazole series as potential serine protease inhibitors”, P. O”Neill (PI), Ward SA, Berry, N. and Biagini GA 2012-2014 (£156,667)

Wellcome Trust - Biomedical Vacation Scholarship – 2012 (£1,440)

Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Challenge Grant-“Screening the ‘Malaria Box’ for novel drug interactions” Prof. A. Bell (PI) & G.Biagini. 2012–2013 ($50,000)

Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Challenge Grant– “Screening the yeast deletion collection
against the MMV Malaria Box” Dr Simon Avery (PI), G. Biagini, R. Pleass & S.A.Ward 2012-2013 ($50,000)

Medicines for malaria Venture (MMV) Discovery Project: Development of a Drug Candidate for Uncomplicated Malaria targeting the mitochondrial NADH:quinone oxidoreducatse Prof. Ward, O’Neill and Biagini 2012-2013 (€400,495)

MRC-DFPS “Lead series development & optimisation of a new drug against active and latent tuberculosis” Dr G Biagini (PI), Stephen Ward, Prof. Paul O'Neill, Dr Neil Berry 2011-2013 (£1.02 million)

IMI EU FP7 “Model-based preclinical development of anti-tuberculosis drug combinations” Total EU award ~€15 million. Participant: Dr G Biagini (PI) & Prof. Stephen Ward. 2012-2016 (€478,200)*

Wellcome Trust (Seeding Drug Discovery). "Alternative complex I as a new drug target against malaria". Prof. Stephen Ward (PI), Extension, Dr Giancarlo Biagini and Prof. Paul O'Neill. 2010-2011. (£67,000)

National Institute for Health Research. "Advancing proof-of-principle concerning the type II NADH: Quinone Oxidoreductase (NDH): a novel drug target in Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Dr Giancarlo
Biagini (PI) - Prolongation award- (with Prof. Stephen Ward) 2010-2012. (£103,200)

Project PTDC/SAU-FCF/098734/2008. "Targeting the mitochondrial electron transport chain of malaria parasites: computer-assisted design and synthesis of bc1 complex inhibitors as antimlarial agents". Funded by FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia ea Tecnologia). R Moreira, Dr Giancarlo Biagini and Prof. Paul O'Neill. 2009-2012. (€148,769)

PhD studentship "Characterization of the branched respiratory chain during latency and persistence phenotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth". King Saud University. 2009-2013. (£33,000)

PhD studentship "Characterization of the energy metabolism of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum". King Saud University. 2009-2013. (£33,000)

National Institute for Health Research, Liverpool BRC. Product Pipeline Delivery Award. Dr Giancarlo Biagini (PI) with Prof. Stephen Ward, Prof. Paul O'Neill and Dr Neil Berry. 2009-2010. (£97,000)

National Institute for Health Research. "Advancing proof-of-principle concerning the type II NADH: Quinone Oxidoreductase (NDH): a novel drug target in Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Dr Giancarlo Biagini (PI) and Prof. Stephen Ward. 2007-2010. (£202,091)

Wellcome Trust (Seeding Drug Discovery). "Alternative complex I as a new drug target against malaria". Prof. Stephen Ward (PI), Dr Giancarlo Biagini and Prof. Paul O'Neill. 2008-2010. (1.4 million)

Malaysian Government. "Bioenergetics & pharmacology of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum". Dr Giancarlo Biagini (PI). 2007-2010. (£22,500)

Leverhulme Trust-Project Grant. "A new drug target against malaria". Dr Giancarlo Biagini (PI), Prof. Stephen Ward, Prof. Paul O'Neill and Dr Neil Berry. 2006-2009. (£141,000)

Early Career Leverhulme Trust Fellowship. "Exploiting the Ca2+ physiology of the malaria parasite". Dr Giancarlo Biagini (PI) 2004-2007. (£46,000)

Completed PhDs supervised: 

Wesam Bakhsh (PhD awarded 2022)
Salwa Alqurashi (PhD awarded 2022)
Emmanuel Moyo (PhD awarded 2022)
Piyaporn Jirawatcharadech (PhD awarded 2018)
Matthew Phanchana (PhD awarded 2017)
Ahmed Saif (PhD awarded 2017) 
Eva Caamano-Gutierrez (PhD awarded 2016)
Michael Capper (PhD awarded in 2015)
Thomas Antoine (PhD awarded 2013)
Murad Mubaraki (PhD awarded 2013) 
Taghreed Hafiz (PhD awarded 2013) 
Roslaini Bin Abd. Majid (PhD awarded 2011) 
Khairul Mustaffa (PhD awarded 2011) 
Teresa Rito (PhD awarded 2012) 
Susan Beveridge (PhD awarded 2012)
Kwannan Nantavisai (PhD awarded 2011)
Katie Hughes (awarded 2008) 
Mohammed Al’Helal (PhD awarded 2009), 
Parnpen Viriyavejakul (PhD awarded 2007)

Teaching

  • Director, MRC Translational and Quantitative Skills Doctoral Training Partnership in Global Health
  • Course Co-ordinator – Life 361 Human Parasitology (BSc Hons) & Life 338 Parasite Chemotherapy
  • Parasitology Co-ordinator - Diploma in Tropical Medicine & Hygiene (DTMH)

Other professional expertise and experience

Editorial

  • Editor - Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy – leading international general antimicrobial journal (2011 to date)
  • Former Sub-editor for the Malaria Journal

 Review Panels

  • MRC DPFS Panel 2024-date

•  Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) 2022 Review Panel

•  Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) 2021 Review Panel

•  Volkswagen Foundation –(Germany) Innovative approaches to drug development -Panel member-2021

•  EU COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) External Expert (Review and Rapporteur) Open Call OC-2020.

•  Invited Panel member - Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Enabling Technologies, Geneva (2020). 

  • Invited Panel member - Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Enabling Technologies, Geneva (2019)
  • Invited Panel Reviewer: MRC Newton Fund UK-Indonesia Joint Partnership call on Infectious Diseases Panel Review, 2018, London.
  • Invited Panel Reviewer: MRC Newton Fund Newton UK-Sao Paulo/Brazil: Neglected Infectious Diseases Joint Centre Partnerships Panel Review, 2018, London.
  • Invited panel Reviewer: MRC Newton Fund UK-Vietnam Panel Review, 2017, London.
  • Panel Reviewer – Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Enabling Technologies (2017)
  • Newton Prize Reviewer Panel 2017
  • UK management committee member for COST Action CM1307, 'Targeted chemotherapy towards diseases caused by endoparasites” – 2014- to date
  • British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) Grants Programme Reviewer (2013-to date)
  • Expert International Referee Panel, Global Health and Vaccination Programme (GLOBVAC), Medical Research Council of Norway, January 2014, Oslo.
  • Member of the British Biochemical Society and Bioenergetics Theme Panel member (2011-2016)
  • Member of the Steering Committee of the EU Predict TB network
  • Affiliate of the TBD-UK (Tuberculosis Drug Discovery-UK) network (2011-to date)

Prizes/Awards/Honours

  • UKRI Innovation Scholars Award (2021)
  • Fellow of the Royal Society for Biology (FRSB, 2016)
  • Bill & Melinda Gates prize (Keystone conference) (2007)
  • Early Career Leverhulme Trust Fellowship (2004)
  • Australian Research Council-Link Fellowship Award (2001)
  • Macquarie University Research Fellowship Award (2001)
Recent publications: 

    Selected publications

    • Box HJ, Sharp J, Pennington SH, Kijak E, Tatham L, Caygill CH, Lopeman RC, Jeffreys LN, Herriott J, Neary M, Valentijn A, Pertinez H, Curley P, Arshad U, Rajoli RKR, Jochmans D, Vangeel L, Neyts J, Chatelain E, Escudié F, Scandale I, Rannard S, Stewart JP, Biagini GA, Owen A. Lack of antiviral activity of probenecid in vitro and in Syrian golden hamsters. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2024 Jan 3;79(1):172-178. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkad362.

      Collings K, Boisdon C, Sham TT, Skinley K, Oh HK, Prince T, Ahmed A, Pennington SH, Brownridge PJ, Edwards T, Biagini GA, Eyers CE, Lamb A, Myers P, Maher S.(2023) Attaching protein-adsorbing silica particles to the surface of cotton substrates for bioaerosol capture including SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun. 2023 Aug 18;14(1):5033. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40696-x.

      Sposito F, Pennington SH, David CAW, Duggan J, Northey S, Biagini GA, Liptrott NJ, Charras A, McNamara PS, Hedrich CM. (2023) Age-differential CD13 and interferon expression in airway epithelia affect SARS-CoV-2 infection - Effects of vitamin D. Mucosal Immunol. 2023 Sep 1:S1933-0219(23)00064-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.08.002. Online ahead of print.

      Neary M, Arshad U, Tatham L, Pertinez H, Box H, Rajoli RKR, Valentijn A, Sharp J, Rannard SP, Biagini GA, Curley P, Owen A. (2023) Quantitation of tizoxanide in multiple matrices to support cell culture, animal and human research. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2023 Aug 1;1228:123823. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123823. Epub 2023 Jul 16.

      Gordon SB, Sichone S, Chirwa AE, Hazenberg P, Kafuko Z, Ferreira DM, Flynn J, Fortune S, Balasingam S, Biagini GA, McShane H, Mwandumba H, Jambo K, Dedha K, Raj Sharma N, Robertson BD, Walker N, Morton B Practical considerations for a TB controlled human infection model (TB-CHIM); the case for TB-CHIM in Africa, a systematic review of the literature and report of 2 workshop discussions in UK and Malawi. TB Controlled Human Infection Model Development Group. Wellcome Open Res. (2023) 8:71. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18767.1. eCollection 2023. PMID: 37007907

      Jeffreys LN, Ardrey A, Hafiz TA, Dyer LA, Warman AJ, Mosallam N, Nixon GL, Fisher NE, W. Hong D, Leung SC, Aljayyoussi G, Bibby J, Almeida DV, Converse PJ, Fotouhi N, Berry NG, Nuermberger EL, Upton AM, O’Neill PM, Ward SA, and Biagini GA Identification of 2-Aryl-Quinolone Inhibitors of Cytochrome bd and Chemical Validation of Combination Strategies for Respiratory Inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infectious Diseases. (2023) 9 (2), 221-238 DOI:10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00283

      Donnellan S, Pennington S, Ruggiero A, Martinez-Rodriguez C, Pouget M, Thomas J, Ward SA, Pollakis G, Biagini GA, Paxton WA, A Quantitative Method for the Study of HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Coinfection, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, J Infect Dis. (2023), 227(5):708-713. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac491. PMID: 36537213 Free PMC article.

      Amporndanai, K.; Pinthong, N.; O’Neill, P.M.; Hong, W.D.; Amewu, R.K.; Pidathala, C.; Berry, N.G.; Leung, S.C.; Ward, S.A.; Biagini, G.A.; Hasnain, S.S.; Antonyuk, S.V. Targeting the Ubiquinol-Reduction (Qi) Site of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome bc1 Complex for the Development of Next Generation Quinolone Antimalarials. Biology (2022), 11, 1109. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11081109

      Jeffreys, Laura, Pennington, Shaun, Duggan, Jack, Caygill, Claire, Lopeman, Rose, Breen, Alastair, Jinks, Jessica, Ardrey, Alison, Donnellan, Samantha, Patterson, Ian, Hughes, Grant, Hong, David W, O'Neill, Paul M, Aljayyoussi, Ghaith, Owen, Andrew, Ward, Steve and Biagini, Giancarlo. 'Remdesivir-ivermectin combination displays synergistic interaction with improved in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2'. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents (2022) 59, Issue 3, e106542.

      Djidrovksi I, Georgiou M, Hughes GL, Patterson EI, Casas-Sanchez A, Penington SH, Biagini GA, Moya-Molina M, van den Bor J, Smit MJ, Chung G, Lako M, Armstrong L. SARS-CoV-2 infects an upper airway model derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells. (2021) Jun 21. doi: 10.1002/stem.3422. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34152044.

      Woodley, CM., Nixon, GL.,  Basilico, N., Parapini, S., Hong, WD., Ward, SA., Biagini, GA., Leung, SC., Taramelli, D., Onuma, K., Hasebe, T., and O’Neill, PM (2021) Enantioselective Synthesis and Profiling of Potent, Nonlinear Analogues of Antimalarial Tetraoxanes E209 and N205. ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00031

      Donnellan, S., Martinez-Rodriguez, C., Aljayyoussi, G., Biagini, GA Measurement of the Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drug Effect and Prediction of the Clinical Dose–Response Relationship Using Intracellular Pharmacodynamic Modeling (PDi). In : Antimicrobial Therapies(2021) Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2296:393-408. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1358-0_23

      Arshad, U, Pertinez H, Box H, Tatham L, Rajoli RKR, Curley P, Neary M, Sharp J, Liptrott NJ, Valentijn A, David C, Rannard SP, O'Neill PM, Aljayyoussi G, Pennington SH, Ward SA, Hill A, Back DJ, Khoo SH, Bray PG, Biagini GA, Owen A Dose prediction for repurposing nitazoxanide in SARS-CoV-2treatment or chemoprophylaxis Br J Clin. Pharmacol. (2021) 87(4):2078-2088. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14619.

      Stachulski AV, Taujanskas J, Pate SL, Rajoli RKR, Aljayyoussi G, Pennington SH, Ward SA, Hong WD, Biagini GA, Owen A, Nixon GL, Leung SC, O'Neill PM. Therapeutic Potential of Nitazoxanide: An Appropriate Choice for Repurposing versus SARS-CoV-2? ACS Infect Dis. (2021) ;7(6):1317-1331. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00478.

      Arshad U, Pertinez H, Box H, Tatham L, Rajoli RKR, Curley P, Neary M, Sharp J, Liptrott NJ, Valentijn A, David C, Rannard SP, O'Neill PM, Aljayyoussi G, Pennington SH, Ward SA, Hill A, Back DJ, Khoo SH, Bray PG, Biagini GA, Owen A. Prioritization of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 Drug Repurposing Opportunities Based on Plasma and Target Site Concentrations Derived from their Established Human Pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther. (2020) ;108(4):775-790. doi: 10.1002/cpt.1909.

      Fisher N, Meunier B and Biagini GA. The cytochrome bc(1) complex as an antipathogenic target. FEBS Letts. (2020) 594(18):2935-2952. doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.1386

      Martin McPhillie, , Ying Zhou, , Mark Hickman, James Gordon1Christopher R.Weber, Qigui Li, Patty Lee, Kangsa Amporndanai, Rachel Johnson,Heather Darby,Stuart Woods, Zhu-hong Li, Richard S. Priestle7, Kurt Ristroph, Scott Biering, Kamal E, Bissati, Seungmin Hwang, Farida Esaa Hakim, Sarah Dovgin, Joseph Lykins, Lucy, Roberts, Kerrie Hargrave, Hua Cong, Anthony P. Sinai, Stephen P. Muench,Jitender Dubey, Robert Prud’homme , Hernan Lorenzi, Giancarlo A Biagini, Silvia N.Moreno, Craig Roberts, Svetlana Atonyuk, Colin Fishwick, Rima McLeod  Potent tetrahydroquinolone eliminates apicomplexan parasites.  Frontiers in cellular and Infection Microbiology (2020) 10:203. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00203.

      Ullah I, Sharma R, Mete A, Biagini GA, Wetzel DM, Horrocks PD. The relative rate of kill of the MMV Malaria Box compounds provides links to the mode of antimalarial action and highlights scaffolds of medicinal chemistry interest. J Antimicrob Chemother. (2020) 75(2):362-370. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkz443.

      Aljayyoussi, G., Martinez-Rodrigeuz, C., Ardrey, A., Moyo, E., Ward, SA and Biagini GA.  Intracellular pharmacodynamic modelling (PDi) is predictive of the clinical activity of fluoroquinolones against Tuberculosis.  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (2020)  64(1). pii: e00989-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00989-19. PMID:31611354

      Jin C, Gibani MM, Pennington SH, Liu X, Ardrey A, Aljayyoussi G, Moore M, Angus B, Parry CM, Biagini GA, Feasey NA, Pollard AJ. Treatment responses to Azithromycin and Ciprofloxacin in uncomplicated Salmonella Typhi infection: A comparison of Clinical and Microbiological Data from a Controlled Human Infection Model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. (2019) 13(12):e0007955. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007955

      Camarda, G., Jirawatcharadech, P., Priestley, RS., Ahmed Saif, A., March, S., Wong, MHL., Leung, S., Miller, AB., Baker, DA., Alano, PA.,  Paine, MJ., Bhatia, SN., O’Neill, PM., Ward, SA.,, Biagini GA.  Antimalarial activity of primaquine operates via a two-step biochemical relay Nature Comms. (2019) 10: DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11239-0

      Aljayyoussi, G, Donnellan, S., Ward, SA and Biagini, GA Intracellular PD Modelling (PDi) for the Prediction of Clinical Activity of Increased Rifampicin Dosing.  Pharmaceutics (2019) 11:  DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060278

      Hong, WD, Leung, SC, Amporndanai, K, Davies, J., Priestley, RS., Nixon, GL., Berry, NG., Hasnain, SS., Antonyuk, S., Ward, SA., Biagini, GA., O'Neill, PM. Potent Antimalarial 2-Pyrazolyl Quinolone bc(1) (Q(i)) Inhibitors with Improved Drug-like Properties ACS medicinal Chemistry Letters (2018) 9: 1205-1210. DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00371

      O' Neill, PM., Stocks, PA., Sabbani, S., Roberts, NL., Amewu, RK., Shore, ER., Aljayyoussi, G., Angulo-Barturen, I., Belen, M., Jimenez-Diaz., Bazaga, SF., Martinez, MS., Campo, B., Sharma, R., Charman, SA., Ryan, E., Chen, G., Shackleford, DM., Davies, J., Nixon, GL., Biagini, GA., Ward, SA. Synthesis and profiling of benzylmorpholine 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane analogue N205: Towards tetraoxane scaffolds with potential for single dose cure of malaria. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry (2018) 26: 2996-3005. DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.006

      Biagini GA and Ward SA. Mechanisms of Antimalarial Drug Resistance. In Antimicrobial Drug Resistance, Mechanisms of Drug Resistance, Volume 1. (Mayers, D.L., Sobel, J.D., Ouellette, M., Kaye, K.S., Marchaim, D. (Eds.)) pages 629-647. (2017) Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-46718-4.

      O'Neill PM, Amewu R, Charman S, Sabbani S, Gnädig N, Straimer J, Fidock D, Shore E, Roberts N, Wong M, Hong WD, Pidathala C, Riley C, Murphy B, Aljayyoussi G, Gamo FJ, Sanz LM, Rodrigues J, Cortes CG, Herreros E, Angulo-Barturen I, Jimenez-Diaz M, Ferrer S, Martinez MS, Campo B, Sharma R, Ryan E, Shackleford D, Campbell S, Smith D, Wirjanata G, Noviyanti R, Price R, Marfurt J, Palmer M, Copple I, Mercer A, Ruecker A, Delves M, Sinden R, Siegl P, Davies J, Rocheford R, Kocken C, Zeeman AM, Nixon G, Biagini GA, and Ward SA. A tetraoxane-based antimalarial drug candidate that overcomes PfK13-C580Y dependent artemisinin resistance" . Nature communications. (2017) 8:15159. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15159.

      Hong WD, Gibbons PD, Leung SC, Amewu R, Stocks PA, Stachulski AV, Horta PC, Cristiano ML, Shone AE, Moss D, Ardrey A, Sharma R, Warman AJ, Bedingfield PT, Fisher NE, Aljayyoussi G, Mead S, Caws M, Berry NG, Ward SA, Biagini GA*, O'Neill PM, Nixon GL. Rational Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Heterocyclic Quinolones Targeting the respiratory chain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Med Chem. (2017) Mar 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01718. (*Co-corresponding author)

      Aljayyoussi G, Jenkins VA, Sharma R, Ardrey A, Donnellan S, Ward SA, Biagini GA Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic modelling of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth and kill rates is predictive of clinical treatment duration. Sci Rep. (2017) 7(1):502.

      Ullah I, Sharma R, Biagini GA, Horrocks P. A validated bioluminescence-based assay for the rapid determination of the initial rate of kill for discovery antimalarials. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016 Dec 20. pii: dkw449. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkw449. [Epub ahead of print]

      Aljayyoussi G, Kay K, Ward SA, Biagini GA. OptiMal-PK: an internet-based, user-friendly interface for the mathematical-based design of optimized anti-malarial treatment regimens. Malar J. 2016 ;15:344. doi: 10.1186/s12936-016-1401-8.

      Ismail HM, Barton VE, Panchana M, Charoensutthivarakul S, Biagini GA, Ward SA, O'Neill PM.A Click Chemistry-Based Proteomic Approach Reveals that 1,2,4-Trioxolane and Artemisinin Antimalarials Share a Common Protein Alkylation Profile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. (2016) 55(22):6401-5. doi: 10.1002/anie.201512062.

      Ismail HM, Barton V, Phanchana M, Charoensutthivarakul S, Wong MH, Hemingway J, Biagini GA, O'Neill PM, Ward SA. Artemisinin activity-based probes identify multiple molecular targets within the asexual stage of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum 3D7. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. (2016) 113(8):2080-5.

      Charoensutthivarakul S, Hong DW, Leung S, Gibbons P, Bedingfield P, Nixon G, Lawrenson A, Berry N, Ward SA, Biagini GA and O'Neill PM. 2-Pyridylquinolone antimalarials with improved antimalarial activity and physicochemical properties. MedChemComm. (2015) ISSN 2040-2511 (Online); 2040-2503 (Print)

      McConville M, Fernández J, Angulo-Barturen I, Bahamontes-Rosa N, Ballell-Pages L, Castañeda P, de Cózar C, Crespo B, Guijarro L, Jiménez-Díaz MB, Martínez-Martínez MS, de Mercado J, Santos-Villarejo Á, Sanz LM, Frigerio M, Washbourn G, Ward SA, Nixon GL, Biagini GA, Berry NG, Blackman MJ, Calderón F, O'Neill PM. Carbamoyl Triazoles, Known Serine Protease Inhibitors, Are a Potent New Class of Antimalarials. J Med Chem. (2015);58(16):6448-55.

      Capper MJ, O'Neill PM, Fisher N, Strange RW, Moss D, Ward SA, Berry NG, Lawrenson AS, Hasnain SS, Biagini GA*, Antonyuk SV. Antimalarial 4(1H)-pyridones bind to the Qi site of cytochrome bc1. (2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 112(3):755-60. (*Co-corresponding author)

      Salcedo-Sora, JE, Caamano-Gutierrez E, Ward SA, and Biagini GA. The proliferating cell hypothesis: a metabolic framework for Plasmodium growth and development. Trends in Parasitology (2014) 30:170-5.

      Stocks PA, Barton V, Antoine T, Biagini GA, Ward SA, O'Neill PM. Novel inhibitors of the Plasmodium falciparum electron transport chain. Parasitology. (2014) 141(1): 50-65.

      AntoineT, Fisher N, Amewu R, O'Neill PM, Ward SA, Biagini GA. Rapid kill of malaria parasites by artemisinin and semi-synthetic endoperoxides involves ROS-dependent depolarization of membrane potential J Antimicrob Chemother. (2014) 69(4):1005-16.

      Nixon GL, Pidathala C, Shone AE, Antoine T, Fisher N, O'Neill PM, Ward SA, Biagini GA. Targeting the mitochondrial electron transport chain of Plasmodium falciparum: new strategies towards the development of improved antimalarials for the elimination era. Future Med Chem. (2013) 5(13):1573-91.

      Ressurreição AS, Gonçalves D, Sitoe AR, Albuquerque IS, Gut J, Góis A, Gonçalves LM, Bronze MR, Hanscheid T, Biagini GA, Rosenthal PJ, Prudêncio M, O'Neill P, Mota MM, Lopes F, Moreira R. Structural Optimization of Quinolon-4(1H)-imines as Dual-Stage Antimalarials: Toward Increased Potency and Metabolic Stability.J Med Chem. (2013) 56(19):7679-90

      van Schalkwyk DA, Saliba KJ, Biagini GA, Bray PG, Kirk K. Loss of pH control in Plasmodium falciparum parasites subjected to oxidative stress. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58933.

      Nixon GL, Moss DM, Shone AE, Lalloo DG, Fisher N, O'Neill PM, Ward SA, Biagini GA.  Antimalarial pharmacology and therapeutics of atovaquone. (2013) J Antimicrob Chemother. 68:977-85.

      Ashley J. Warman AJ, Rito TS, Fisher NE, Moss DM, Berry NG, O’Neill PM, Ward SA, Biagini GA (2013) Antitubercular pharmacodynamics of phenothiazines Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 68:869-80.

      Salcedo-Sora JE, Ward SA, Biagini GA. (2012) A yeast expression system for functional and pharmacological studies of the malaria parasite Ca2+/H+ antiporter. Malar J. 11:254.

      Biagini GA, Fisher N, Shone AE, Mubaraki MA, Srivastava A, Hill A, Antoine T, Warman AJ, Davies J, Pidathala C, Amewu RK, Leung SC, Sharma R, Gibbons P, Hong DW, Pacorel B, Lawrenson AS, Charoensutthivarakul S, Taylor L, Berger O, Mbekeani A, Stocks PA, Nixon GL, Chadwick J, Hemingway J, Delves MJ, Sinden RE, Zeeman AM, Kocken CH, Berry NG, O'Neill PM, Ward SA. (2012) Generation of quinolone antimalarials targeting the Plasmodium falciparum mitochondrial respiratory chain for the treatment and prophylaxis of malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 109(21):8298-303.

      Vallières C, Fisher N, Antoine T, Al-Helal M, Stocks P, Berry NG, Lawrenson AS, Ward SA, O' Neill PM, Biagini GA*, Meunier B. (2012) HDQ, a potent inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation binds to the Qi site of the bc1 complex. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 56(7):3739-47. (*Co-corresponding author)

      Cowley R, Leung S, Fisher N, Al-Helal M, Berry NG, Lawrenson AS, Sharma R, Shone AE, Ward SA, Biagini GA*, O'Neill PM. (2012) The development of quinolone esters as novel antimalarial agents targeting the Plasmodium falciparum bc1 protein complex. Med Chem Comm 3: 39-44. (*Co-corresponding author)

      Sharma R, Lawrenson AS, Fisher NE, Warman AJ, Shone AE, Hill A, Mbekeani A, Pidathala C, Amewu RK, Leung S, Gibbons P, Hong DW, Stocks P, Nixon GL, Chadwick J, Shearer J, Gowers I, Cronk D, Parel SP, O'Neill PM, Ward SA, Biagini GA*, Berry NG. (2012) Identification of novel antimalarial chemotypes via chemoinformatic compound selection methods for a high-throughput screening program against the novel malarial target, PfNDH2: increasing hit rate via virtual screening methods.) J Med Chem. 55:3144-54. (*Co-corresponding author)

      Leung SC, Gibbons P, Amewu R, Nixon GL, Pidathala C, Hong WD, Pacorel B, Berry NG, Sharma R, Stocks PA, Srivastava A, Shone AE, Charoensutthivarakul S, Taylor L, Berger O, Mbekeani A, Hill A, Fisher NE, Warman AJ, Biagini GA*, Ward SA, O'Neill PM. (2012) Identification, design and biological evaluation of heterocyclic quinolones targeting Plasmodium falciparum type II NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (PfNDH2). J Med Chem. 55:1844-57. (*Co-corresponding author)

      Pidathala C, Amewu R, Pacorel B, Nixon GL, Gibbons P, Hong WD, Leung SC, Berry NG, Sharma R, Stocks PA, Srivastava A, Shone AE, Charoensutthivarakul S, Taylor L, Berger O, Mbekeani A, Hill A, Fisher NE, Warman AJ, Biagini GA*, Ward SA, O'Neill PM (2012). Identification, design and biological evaluation of bisaryl quinolones targeting Plasmodium falciparum type II NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (PfNDH2). J Med Chem. 55:1831-43. (*Co-corresponding author)

      Fisher N, Abd Majid R, Antoine T, Al-Helal M, Warman AJ, Johnson DJ, Lawrenson AS, Ranson H, O'Neill PM, Ward SA, Biagini GA. (2012) Cytochrome b mutation Y268S conferring atovaquone resistance phenotype in malaria parasite results in reduced parasite bc1 catalytic turnover and protein expression. J Biol Chem. 287:9731-41.

      Salcedo-Sora JE, Ochong E, Beveridge S, Johnson D, Nzila A, Biagini GA, Stocks PA, O'Neill PM, Krishna S, Bray PG, Ward SA.(2011) The molecular basis of folate salvage in Plasmodium falciparum: Characterization of two folate transporters. J Biol Chem. 2011 286(52):44659-68.

      Rodrigues T, Moreira R, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, O Neill PM, Biagini GA, Lopes F, dos Santos DJ, Guedes RC. (2011) Identification of new antimalarial leads by use of virtual screening against cytochrome bc1. Bioorg Med Chem. 19:6302-8.

      Berger O, Kaniti A, van Ba CT, Vial H, Ward SA, Biagini GA, Bray PG, O'Neill PM (2011). Synthesis and antimalarial activities of a diverse set of triazole-containing furamidine analogues. ChemMedChem. 6:2094-108.

      Gibbons P, Verissimo E, Araujo NC, Barton V, Nixon GL, Amewu RK, Chadwick J, Stocks PA, Biagini GA, Srivastava A, Rosenthal PJ, Gut J, Guedes RC, Moreira R, Sharma R, Berry N, Cristiano ML, Shone AE, Ward SA, O'Neill PM. (2010) Endoperoxide carbonyl falcipain 2/3 inhibitor hybrids: toward combination chemotherapy of malaria through a single chemical entity. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 53: 8202-8206.

      Lucumi E, Darling C, Jo H, Napper AD, Chandramohandas R, Fisher N, Shone AE, Jing H, Ward SA, Biagini GA, Degrado WF, Diamond SL and Greenbaum DC (2010). Discovery of potent small molecule inhibitors of multi-drug resistant P. falciparum using a novel miniaturized high-throughput luciferase-based assay. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54: 3597-3604.

      Barton V, Fisher N, Biagini GA, Ward SA and O'Neill PM (2010). Inhibiting Plasmodium cytochrome bc1: a complex issue. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 14: 440-446.

      Kongkathip N, Pradidphol N, Hasitapan K, Grigg R, Kao WC, Hunte C, Fisher N, Warman AJ, Biagini GA, Kongsaeree P, Chuawong P and Kongkathip B (2010). Transforming rhinacanthin analogues from potent anticancer agents into potent antimalarial agents. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 53: 1211-1221.

      Henry RI, Cobbold SA, Allen RJ, Khan A, Hayward R, Lehane AM, Bray PG, Howitt SM, Biagini GA, Saliba KJ and Kirk K (2010). An acid-loading chloride transport pathway in the intraerythrocytic malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 285: 18615-18626.

      Hughes KR, Biagini GA and Craig AG (2010). Continued cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells after antimalarial treatment. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 169: 71-78.

      Biagini, GA, Bray PG and Ward SA. Mechanisms of antimalarial drug resistance. In : Antimicrobial Drug Resistance (D.L. Mayers ed.)pp. 559-572. Humana Press. 2009

      Fisher N, Warman AJ, Ward SA, Biagini GA. Chapter 17 Type II NADH: quinone oxidoreductases of Plasmodium falciparum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis kinetic and high-throughput assays. Methods Enzymol. 2009. 456:303-20.

      O'Neill PM, Shone AE, Stanford D, Nixon G, Asadollahy E, Park BK, Maggs JL, Roberts P, Stocks PA, Biagini G, Bray PG, Davies J, Berry N, Hall C, Rimmer K, Winstanley PA, Hindley S, Bambal RB, Davis CB, Bates M, Gresham SL, Brigandi RA, Gomez-de-Las-Heras FM, Gargallo DV, Parapini S, Vivas L, Lander H, Taramelli D, Ward SA. Synthesis, antimalarial activity, and preclinical pharmacology of a novel series of 4'-fluoro and 4'-chloro analogues of amodiaquine. Identification of a suitable "back-up" compound for N-tert-butyl isoquine. J Med Chem. (2009) 52:1828-44.

      Lian LY, Al-Helal M, Roslaini AM, Fisher N, Bray PG, Ward SA, Biagini GA. Glycerol: an unexpected major metabolite of energy metabolism by the human malaria parasite. Malar J. (2009) 8:38.

      O'Neill PM, Park BK, Shone AE, Maggs JL, Roberts P, Stocks PA, Biagini GA, Bray PG, Gibbons P, Berry N, Winstanley PA, Mukhtar A, Bonar-Law R, Hindley S, Bambal RB, Davis CB, Bates M, Hart TK, Gresham SL, Lawrence RM, Brigandi RA, Gomez-Delas-Heras FM, Gargallo DV, Ward SA. Candidate Selection and Preclinical Evaluation of N-tert-Butyl Isoquine (GSK369796), An Affordable and Effective 4-Aminoquinoline Antimalarial for the 21st Century. J Med Chem. (2009) 52:1408-1415

      Biagini GA*, Fisher N, Berry N, Stocks P, Meunier B, Williams D, Bonar-Law R, Bray PG, Owen A, O'Neill P, Ward SA. Acridinediones: Selective and potent inhibitors of the malaria parasite mitochondrial bc1 complex. Mol Pharmacol. (2008) 73:1347-55. (co-corresponding author)

      Quashie, N.B., Dorin-Semblat, D., Bray, P. G., Biagini, G.A., Doerig, C., Ranford-Cartwright, L.C. and De Koning, H.P. A comprehensive model of purine uptake by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum: Identification of four purine transport activities in intraerythrocytic parasites. Biochem J. (2008) 411: 287-295.

      Wootton DG, Opara H, Biagini GA, Kanjala MK, Duparc S, Kirby PL, Woessner M, Neate C, Nyirenda M, Blencowe H, Dube-Mbeye Q, Kanyok T, Ward S, Molyneux M, Dunyo S, Winstanley PA. Open-Label Comparative Clinical Study of Chlorproguanil-Dapsone Fixed Dose Combination (Lapdaptrade mark) Alone or with Three Different Doses of Artesunate for Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria. PLoS ONE. (2008) 3:e1779.

      Fisher N, Bray PG, Ward SA, Biagini GA. Malaria-parasite mitochondrial dehydrogenases as drug targets: too early to write the obituary. Trends Parasitol. (2008) 24:9-10.

      Fisher N and Biagini GA. Structure, function and physiological role of the human malaria parasite type II NADH:quinone oxidoreductase. In : Complex I and Alternative Dehydrogenases (Ed. M. I. González Siso)pp 85-98. Transworld Research Network, Kerala, India (2007). ISBN: 978-81-7895-300-7

      Stocks PA, Bray PG, Barton VE, Al-Helal M, Jones M, Araujo NC, Gibbons P, Ward SA, Hughes RH, Biagini GA, Davies J, Amewu R, Mercer AE, Ellis G, O'Neill PM. Evidence for a common non-heme chelatable-iron-dependent activation mechanism for semisynthetic and synthetic endoperoxide antimalarial drugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. (2007) 46:6278-83.

      Fisher N, Bray PG, Ward SA, Biagini GA. The malaria parasite type II NADH:quinone oxidoreductase: an alternative enzyme for an alternative lifestyle. Trends Parasitol. (2007) 23:305-10.

      Richier E, Biagini GA, Wein S, Boudou F, Bray PG, Ward SA, Precigout E, Calas M, Dubremetz JF, Vial HJ. Potent antihematozoan activity of novel bisthiazolium drug T16: evidence for inhibition of phosphatidylcholine metabolism in erythrocytes infected with Babesia and Plasmodium spp Antimicrob Agents Chemother. (2006) 50:3381-8.

      Bray PG, Mungthin M, Hastings IM, Biagini GA, Saidu DK, Lakshmanan V, Johnson DJ, Hughes RH, Stocks PA, O'Neill PM, Fidock DA, Warhurst DC, Ward SA. PfCRT and the trans-vacuolar proton electrochemical gradient: regulating the access of chloroquine to ferriprotoporphyrin IX. Mol Microbiol. (2006) 62:238-51.

      Edwards G, Biagini GA. Resisting resistance: dealing with the irrepressible problem of malaria. Br J Clin Pharmacol. (2006) 61:690-3.

      O'Neill PM, Ward SA, Berry NG, Jeyadevan JP, Biagini GA, Asadollaly E, Park BK, Bray PG. A medicinal chemistry perspective on 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial drugs. Curr Top Med Chem. (2006) 6:479-507.

      Biagini GA, Viriyavejakul P, O'neill PM, Bray PG, Ward SA. Functional characterization and target validation of alternative complex I of Plasmodium falciparum mitochondria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. (2006) 50:1841-51.

      Harris KM, Goldberg B, Biagini GA, Lloyd D. Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia intestinalis Produce Nitric Oxide and Display NO-Synthase Activity. J Eukaryot Microbiol. (2006) 53 :S182-3.

      Biagini GA, Fidock DA, Bray PG, Ward SA. Mutations conferring drug resistance in malaria parasite transporters Pgh1 and PfCRT do not affect steady-state vacuoloar Ca2+ Antimicrob Agents Chemother (2005) 49:4807-8.

      Biagini GA, O'Neill PM, Bray PG, Ward SA. Current drug development portfolio for antimalarial therapies. Curr Opin Pharmacol. (2005) 5:473-8.

      Biagini GA, Ward SA, Bray PG. Malaria parasite transporters as a drug-delivery strategy. Trends Parasitol. (2005) 21:299-301.

      Biagini GA, Pasini EM, Hughes R, De Koning HP, Vial HJ, Ward SA, Bray PG Characterization of the choline carrier of Plasmodium falciparum: a route for the selective delivery of novel antimalarial drugs (2004) Blood 104:3372-7.

      Lloyd D, Harris JC, Biagini GA, Hughes MR, Maroulis S, Bernard C, Wadley RB, Edwards MR. The plasma membrane of microaerophilic protists: oxidative and nitrosative stress. Microbiology. (2004) 150:1183-90.

      Biagini GA, Bray PG, Spiller DG, White MR, Ward SA. The digestive food vacuole of the malaria parasite is a dynamic intracellular Ca2+ store. J Biol Chem. (2003) 278:27910-27915.

      Biagini GA, O'Neill PM, Nzila A, Ward SA, Bray PG. Antimalarial chemotherapy: young guns or back to the future? Trends Parasitol. (2003) 19:479-487.

      Biagini GA, Richier E, Bray PG, Calas M, Vial H, Ward SA. Heme binding contributes to antimalarial activity of bis-quaternary ammoniums. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. (2003) 47:2584-2589.

      Biagini GA, Yarlett N, Ball GE, Billetz AC, Lindmark DG, Martinez MP, Lloyd D, Edwards MR. Bacterial-like energy metabolism in the amitochondriate protozoon Hexamita inflata. Mol Biochem Parasitol. (2003) 128:11-19.

      Lloyd D, Biagini GA, Ellis, J and Paget, T. Oxygen Homeodynamics in Giardia intestinalis. In: Giardia: The Cosmopolitan Parasite (Olson BE, Olson ME, Wallis PM, editors). CAB international. UK, (2002), 29-43.

      Sobanski MA, Vince R, Biagini GA, Cousins C, Guiver M, Gray SJ, Kaczmarski EB, Coakley WT. Ultrasound-enhanced detection of individual meningococcal serogroups by latex immuno-assay. J. Clin. Pathol. (2002) 55, 37-40.

      Biagini GA, Knodler, LA., Kirk, K , Edwards, MR. Na+ dependent pH regulation by the microaerophilic parasite Giardia intestinalis. J. Biol. Chem. (2001) 276, 29157-29162.

      Sobanski MA., Stephens J, Biagini GA, Coakley WT. Detection of adenovirus and rotavirus antigens by immuno-gold lateral flow test and ultrasound-enhanced latex agglutination assay. J. Med. Microbiol. (2001) 50, 203.

      Biagini GA, Park JH, Lloyd D, Edwards MR. Antioxidant potential of pyruvate in the amitochondriate diplomonads Giardia intestinalis and Hexamita inflata. Microbiology (2001) 147, 3359-3365.

      Biagini GA, Kirk K., Schofield PJ, Edwards MR. Role of K+ and amino acids in osmoregulation by the free-living microaerophilic protozoon Hexamita inflata. Microbiology (2000) 146, 427-433.

      Biagini GA, Lloyd D, Kirk K, Edwards MR. Membrane potential in Giardia intestinalis. FEMS Lett. (2000) 192, 153-157.

      Biagini GA and Bernard C. Primitive anaerobic protozoa : a false concept ? Microbiology (2000) 146, 1019-1020.

      Lloyd D, Harris JC, Maroulis S, Biagini GA, Wadley RB, Turner M P, Edwards MR The microaerophilic flagellate Giardia intestinalis: oxygen and its reaction products collapse membrane potential and cause cytotoxicity. Microbiology. (2000) 146,3109-3118.

      Lloyd, D. and Biagini, GA Too much O2? Microbiology (1998) 144, 1131.

      Biagini GA, McIntyre PS, Finlay BJ, Lloyd D. Carbohydrate and amino acid fermentation in the free-living primitive protozoon Hexamita sp. App. Environ. Microbiol. (1998) 64, 203-207.

      Biagini GA, Rutter AJ, Finlay BJ, Lloyd D. Lipids and lipid metabolism in the microaerobic free-living diplomonad Hexamita sp. Europ. J. Protistol. (1998) 34, 148-152

      Biagini GA, Finlay BJ, Lloyd D. Protozoan stimulation of anaerobic microbial activity: enhancement of the rate of terminal decomposition of organic matter. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. (1998) 27, 1-8.

      Biagini GA, Finlay BJ, Lloyd D. Evolution of the hydrogenosome. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (1997) 155, 133-140.

      Biagini GA, van der Giezen M, Hill B, Winters C, Lloyd, D. Ca2+ accumulation in the hydrogenosomes of Neocallimastix frontalis L2 : a mitochondrial-like physiological role. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (1997) 149, 227-232.

      Biagini GA, Hayes A.J, Suller MTE, Winters C, Finlay BJ, Lloyd D. Hydrogenosomes of Metopus contortus physiologically resemble mitochondria. Microbiology (1997) 143, 1623-1629.

      Biagini GA, Suller MTE, Finlay BJ, Lloyd D. Oxygen uptake & antioxidant responses of the free-living diplomonad Hexamita sp. J. Euk. Microbiol. (1997) 44, 447-453.

      Turner NA., Biagini GA, Lloyd D. Anaerobiosis-induced differentiation of Acanthamoeba castellanii FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (1997) 157, 149-153.